Raden Adjeng Kartini (born in Jepara, Central Java, 21 April 1879 – died in Rembang, Central Java, 17 September 1904 at age 25 years) or actually more accurately called Raden Ayu Kartini was a prominent Javanese and Indonesian National Hero . Kartini is known as a pioneer of the rise of indigenous women.
Biography :
Raden Adjeng Kartini is one of the Javanese aristocratic or noble class, the daughter of Raden Mas Sosroningrat Duke Ario, the regent of Jepara. She is the daughter of first wife, but not the main wife. His mother named M.A. Ngasirah, daughter of Haji Siti Aminah Nyai and Kyai Haji Madirono, a religion teacher at Telukawur, Jepara. From his father’s side, the genealogy can be traced to Hamengkubuwana Kartini VI.
Kartini was the son of the 5th of 11 siblings and stepfather. Of all siblings, Kartini was the eldest daughter. His grandfather, Prince Ario Tjondronegoro IV, was appointed regent at the age of 25 years. Kartini’s older brother, Sosrokartono, is an intelligent person in the field of language. Until the age of 12 years, Kartini allowed to attend school in the ELS (Europese Lagere School). Here, among others, Kartini learn the Dutch language. But after 12 years of age, he should stay at home because it could be secluded.
Because Kartini could speak Dutch, then at home he began to study himself and writing letters to friends correspondence originating from the Netherlands. One is Rosa Abendanon a lot of support them. From books, newspapers, and magazines of Europe, Kartini interested in the advancement of women think European. Arise desire to promote indigenous women, because he saw that indigenous women are at a low social status.
Kartini read a lot of Semarang newspaper De Locomotief who nurtured Pieter Brooshooft, he also received leestrommel (package bookstore magazine circulated to the subscription). Among them there are magazines of culture and science are quite heavy, there is also a Dutch women’s magazine De Hollandsche Lelie. Kartini was then several times to send his writings and published in De Hollandsche Lelie. From his letters seem Kartini read everything with great attention, while taking notes. Sometimes called Kartini one essay or quote a few sentences. His attention was not solely about women’s emancipation, but also a general social problem. Kartini saw women struggle to gain freedom, autonomy and legal equality as part of a broader movement. Among the booksare read Kartini before the age of 20,there is the title of Max Havelaar and Love Letters by Multatuli ,who in November 1901 was read two times . Then De Stille Kraacht (Power of Invisibility) by Louis Coperus. Then the work of high quality Van Eeden, Augusta de Witt’s work is mediocre, roman-feminist work of Mrs. Goekoop de-Jong Van Beek and an anti-war novel written by Berta von Suttner, Die Waffen Nieder (Put Weapons). Everything is in Dutch.
By her parents, Kartini was married to the regents ordered Apex, Send last Duke Ario Singgih Djojo Adhiningrat, who had had three wives. Kartini was married on November 12, 1903. Her husband understood Kartini Kartini and desires are given the freedom to establish schools and supported women in the east gate of Apex district office complex, or in a building that is now used as a Boy Scout Building.
The first and last child at the same time, R.M. Soesalit, born on September 13, 1904. A few days later, September 17, 1904, Kartini died at the age of 25 years. Kartini was buried in Bulu Village, Kecamatan Bulu, Rembang.
Thanks to his perseverance Kartini, then established School for Women by Kartini Foundation in Semarang in 1912, and later in Surabaya, Yogyakarta, Malang, Madiun, Cirebon and other areas. The school name is “School Kartini”. Kartini Foundation was founded by the Van Deventer, a figure the Ethical Policy.
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